How Do I Cite Paraphrased Information In APA Style (in-text)? |
Posted: March 29, 2020 |
NOTE: This FAQ has been updated to the 7th edition. When you paraphrase, you use your own words. This is usually preferable to direct quotes because the information is written in your own style, but you must be careful not to change the meaning. When paraphrasing, you must still acknowledge where you got the idea from by including a parenthetical citation. When citing paraphrased information, APA requires you to include the author and date. It is also recommended (but not required) that you include the page number. The format of the page number depends on if the information is on a single page or range of pages. A review (Selby et al., 2017) identified several laws pertaining to cancer research in the UK that might be affected because of Brexit. guide on APA format et al. (2016) investigated the relationship between cancer research funding and cancer research output and found that research output is not well correlated with the public health burden of individual cancers that was measure by mortality rates. The authors (Lindqvist & Neumann) argue that security and privacy are crucial in the Internet of Things (IoT) because if future attacks are successful they can cause widespread destruction and even cost lives. Bernard (2011) argues that Henry VIII's Catholicism was more than just Catholicism without the pope. Surgery is considered a last resort in the treatment of plantar fasciitis Owens (2017) argues. Strength training as treatment for plantar fasciitis, according to (Huffer et al. 2017), does not contribute to the improved function and pain relief. Many physical therapists use ultrasound therapy as treatment; however, numerous studies highlighted in the review published by Sanke and Radwan (2015) show that the therapy does not have any effect on the condition. The authors found that undergraduate students are afraid to report cyberbullying (Watts et al., 2017, p. Data was created by https://essayfreelancewriters.com! Understanding plagiarism and how it differs from copyright infringement. For three or more authors, add a comma after each (except for the last one) and add an ampersand between the second-to-last (penultimate) and last author. Follow the order of author names as listed in the source. If they are in alphabetical order already, it may be because equal weight is being given to each; if not, it likely means that the first author listed did most of the work and therefore deserves first mention. If no personal name is given for the author, use the name of the organization (i.e., corporate author) or editor(s) (see the point on editors below). If no corporate author name is given, skip the author (don’t write “Anon.” or “N.A.”) and move the title into the author position with the year in parentheses following the title rather than preceding it. This data was generated by https://essayfreelancewriters.com! Year of publication: In parentheses followed by a period - If an exact calendar date is given (e.g., for a news article or blog), start with the year followed by a comma, the month (fully spelled out) and date, such as “(2017, July 25).” Some webpages will indicate the exact calendar date and time they were updated, in which case use that because you can assume that the authors checked to make sure all the content was current as of that date and time. Often, the only date given on a website will be the copyright notice at the bottom, which is the current year you’re in and common to all webpages on the site, even though the page you’re on could have been posted long before; see the technique in the point below, however, for discovering the date that the page was last updated. 15” to the end of the URL in the address bar of the results page, and hitting “Enter” again; the date will appear in grey below the title in the search list. Data was created with Essay Writers. If listing multiple sources by the same author, the placement of the years of publication means that bibliographical entries must be listed chronologically from earliest to most recent. Title(s): Give the title in “sentence style”—i.e., the first letter is capitalized, but all subsequent words are lowercase except those that would be capitalized anyway (proper nouns like personal names, place names, days of the week, etc.) or those to the right of a colon dividing the main title and subtitle, and end it with a period. If the source is a smaller work (usually contained in a larger one), like an article in a newspaper or scholarly journal, a webpage or video on a website, a chapter in a book, a short report (less than 50 pages), a song on an album, a short film, etc., make it plain style without quotation marks, and end it with a period. If the source is a smaller work that is contained within a larger one, follow it with the title of the longer work capitalized as it is originally with all major words capitalized (i.e., don’t make the larger work sentence-style), italicized, and ending with a period. If the source is a longer work like a book, website, magazine, journal, film, album, long report (more than 50 pages), italicize it. If it doesn’t follow the title of a shorter work that it contains, make it sentence-style (see the Elements of Style example above, which becomes “Elements of style”). If the book is a later edition, add the edition number in parentheses and plain style following the title (again, see the Elements of Style example above). Editor(s): If a book identifies an editor or editors, include them between the title and publication information with their first-name initial (and middle initial if given) and last name (in that order), “(Ed.)” for a single editor or “(Eds.)” for multiple editors (separated by an ampersand if there are only two and commas plus an ampersand if there are three or more), followed by a period. Publication information: The city in which the publisher is based followed by a colon, the name of the publisher, and a period.
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